Neuromodulation, including neurostimulation and intraspinal analgesic therapies, is commonly utilized in pain management. Most patients who have spinal cord stimulators (SCS) implanted for chronic pain have long standing and complex pain concerns. In addition to the index pain being targeted for SCS, often there are psychological comorbidities, physical deconditioning, ongoing opioid pain medication use, and secondary pain problems. In order to truly optimize the desired outcomes for these patients, each of these areas need to be addressed. This session will focus on the latest medical, behavioral, and regenerative medicine approaches to help optimize neuromodulation outcomes and explore patient identification strategies to optimize treatment outcomes when considering such approaches.