Pain changes human nervous systems when it persists. Trauma alters neural pathways and can impact pain processing. When chronic pain and post-traumatic stress are active simultaneously, physical function impairments are not always a consequence of isolated musculoskeletal or neuromuscular impairments. The course will present a patient case to unpack the complexity of pain with co-occurring PTSD and significant confounding medical and psychosocial conditions. The presenter will demonstrate taking a whole-person approach to treatment and offer concrete clinical tips and strategies for successful conservative management when the odds seem stacked against a positive rehabilitation prognosis.